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A track you can see is not automatically a right you can use

Does a visible road or track prove legal access to the property?

No. Verify whether the route connects to a public road, crosses third-party land, has a valid title or other legal basis, appears in the relevant registry records, follows the physical alignment claimed and is sufficient for the intended use. Each is a separate question.

Follow the access verification route

Checked against the published sources on .

Page guide · 1 minUnderstand this pageKey points, plain-language terms and useful next steps.

Why this matters

How do I verify legal access and easements to land?

Imagine you need to answer this before deciding what to do next: “Does a visible road or track prove legal access to the property?” No. Verify whether the route connects to a public road, crosses third-party land, has a valid title or other legal basis, appears in the relevant registry records, follows the physical alignment claimed and is sufficient for the intended use. Each is a separate question. The simple rule: Separate the visible route, public-road status, private title, registered entries, physical alignment and planning suitability before relying on access.

What this page helps you do

  • Six questions make access usable—or uncertain
  • Public restrictions and private rights use different evidence files
  • A six-step legal and physical access check
  • Case-specific material outside integrated official sources
  • Ask each authority only the part it can confirm

Words made simple

Right of way / passage easement
A legal basis for passage over another property whose existence, scope and route must be established for the actual case.
Burdened or servient property
The property over which the asserted passage or easement is exercised.
Benefited or dominant property
The property said to benefit from the passage or easement.
SRUP
DGT's consultation service for public easements and public-utility restrictions, searchable by municipality and type.

Questions you may have

  • There is a track to the land. Is that legal access?
  • Does the land-registry certificate prove the exact right of way?
  • Can an owner of land without public-road access require a passage?
  • Is compensation due when such a passage is constituted?

Six questions make access usable—or uncertain

  1. Is the connecting route legally public?

    A line on a map or a maintained-looking road does not settle public status. Ask the municipality or competent road authority for the source and classification of the route.

  2. What creates any private right of passage?

    Inspect the deed, agreement, decision or other constituting material and the properties involved. A general Civil Code rule is not a substitute for establishing the actual right.

  3. What appears in the current land register?

    Current certificates and entries or descriptions concerning access or easements form part of the later Registry and legal review. Land Insights neither collects nor validates those property-specific records, and a certificate does not prove the physical route or that it is passable.

  4. Where does the route run on the ground?

    Use a georeferenced plan or survey to compare the asserted passage, property boundaries and observed track. Measurement does not itself create a right.

  5. What use and scope are supported?

    Do not infer width, vehicle use, maintenance, services or unrestricted exercise from the mere existence of a passage reference. These depend on the actual title, facts and competent assessment.

  6. Is access adequate for the intended project?

    A civil access route does not itself establish planning permission. The municipality must separately assess current plans and the access requirements of the defined proposal.

Public restrictions and private rights use different evidence files

Public restriction

A servitude or public-utility restriction affects the property

Use SRUP and the PDM constraints map to identify the restriction, then locate the legal instrument, published map and responsible sector authority. Public restrictions prevail over the general land-use rules of the category.

Which official instrument creates and delimits the restriction, and who administers it?

Private passage

Access crosses a neighbour's property

Certificates, constituting titles, the properties involved and the surveyed route form the case-specific material for later legal review before reliance on continued passage. Land Insights neither collects nor validates that material.

What is the claimed legal basis, scope and exact route over which properties?

No or insufficient connection

The property lacks sufficient public-road access

The Civil Code provides, under its conditions, a route to require passage over neighbouring rustic properties where there is no connection—or it is insufficient—and a connection cannot be established without excessive inconvenience or expense. Constitution entails compensation for the loss suffered.

Are the statutory conditions met, and what agreement, procedure, route and compensation require assessment?

Visible track only

The route is used in practice but documentation is unclear

Observed use and physical condition do not turn long visibility or use into a guaranteed right. Titles, registry content, affected properties and geometry are reconciled in a later legal assessment; Land Insights does not collect that case evidence.

Which document or competent decision supports reliance on the observed route?

A six-step legal and physical access check

  1. Map the entire route to the public road

    Mark the property, track, gates, boundaries, every crossed parcel and connection point.

  2. Confirm the public-road status

    Ask the municipality or road authority for the official status and source; do not rely only on appearance or a web map.

  3. Current certificates for all relevant properties

    Registered descriptions and entries inform the later Registry and legal review; silence in one record does not resolve the legal question, and Land Insights does not collect those property-specific certificates.

  4. Read the constituting titles and decisions

    Identify the legal basis, properties, beneficiaries, burdened land and any stated scope of passage.

  5. Relationship between the legal basis and physical alignment

    Suitable technical mapping supports the later comparison where the route, boundaries or access dimensions matter; Land Insights does not validate a case-specific survey.

  6. Ask whether the access is sufficient for the defined proposal

    Keep the private-right analysis separate from municipal planning suitability, public restrictions and any works needed on the route.

Case-specific material outside integrated official sources

  • Georeferenced route from the property to the public road
  • List and identification of every property crossed or affected
  • Current land-registry certificates for all relevant properties
  • Deeds, agreements, decisions or other constituting titles
  • Site photographs, gates, surface, width, condition and observed use
  • Public restriction–legal source–published map–authority table
  • Defined intended use, vehicle, service and emergency-access needs
  • Known objections, blocked points, route differences or missing documents

Ask each authority only the part it can confirm

For the marked route and properties, what public-road status, registered entries, constituting titles and mapped public restrictions can each competent body confirm, what discrepancy or procedure remains, and separately, is this access arrangement sufficient for the defined planning proposal?

The Registry and legal adviser determine the private certificate–title–properties–route questions. The municipality and sector authority determine the public restriction–source–map–authority and project questions. Land Insights neither collects nor validates either case-specific body of material.

Access and easement terms in plain language

Right of way / passage easement
A legal basis for passage over another property whose existence, scope and route must be established for the actual case.
Burdened or servient property
The property over which the asserted passage or easement is exercised.
Benefited or dominant property
The property said to benefit from the passage or easement.
SRUP
DGT's consultation service for public easements and public-utility restrictions, searchable by municipality and type.
Constraints map
The municipal-plan map identifying mapped restrictions to investigate through their legal and sector sources.
Public road
A route whose official public status must be confirmed; visibility or public use alone is not the complete legal test.

What no single access check proves

  • A visible or mapped track is not a guaranteed rightEstablish public status or the private legal basis and reconcile it with the real route.
  • A certificate does not prove the usable alignmentIt shows the registry content consulted, not the track's physical state, exact position or project adequacy.
  • A consultation vector may not be the final legal boundaryFor REN, DGT warns that the georeferenced image published in the Official Gazette prevails where vector data raises doubt; confirm each restriction in its controlling source.
  • A civil passage route is not planning permissionPlans, restrictions and access suitability for the project require separate municipal review.
  • No prediction of agreement, compensation or dispute outcomeThese depend on the actual facts, rights, procedure and competent legal determination.

What this page cannot prove

Access orientation, not an easement opinion

This page does not decide whether a road is public, create or interpret a private right, fix its route or scope, calculate compensation or approve access for a project. Current records, technical mapping and advice from the competent authorities and legal professionals remain case-specific material outside Land Insights.

Common questions

The questions people usually ask next

There is a track to the land. Is that legal access?

Not necessarily. Public-road status or a private title or other legal basis, the relevant certificates and the route across every property require later Registry, authority and legal determination. Land Insights does not collect or validate that case-specific material.

Does the land-registry certificate prove the exact right of way?

It can show registered content, but it does not by itself establish the physical route, condition, public status, planning sufficiency or resolve incomplete or disputed rights.

Can an owner of land without public-road access require a passage?

The Civil Code provides that possibility under its conditions, including where connection is absent or insufficient and cannot be established without excessive inconvenience or expense. The actual route, procedure and rights need legal assessment.

Is compensation due when such a passage is constituted?

The Civil Code provision states that compensation corresponding to the loss suffered is due. Its application and amount require case-specific assessment.

Does a right of passage automatically allow any vehicle or width?

No. The constituting title, facts, route, scope and actual intended use require case-specific legal review. Land Insights neither collects the relevant records nor determines that legal outcome.

What does SRUP prove?

It helps identify public restrictions, legal instruments and geographic data by municipality and type. The controlling legal source, published map and responsible authority determine the position for the exact property.

If I have a civil right of access, can I build?

No such conclusion follows. Municipal plans, restrictions, project-specific access requirements and the applicable control route must be checked separately.

Continue with purpose

Each link has a specific job in the decision—not just a matching keyword.

Primary sources

Check the official material

These links support the central explanation. Open the original source when you need the current detail.

  • Legal Access & Easements
  • Infrastructure & Access
  • Legal access